Trastorno grave del medio interno por fístula enterovesical, a propósito de un caso clínico / Severe metabolic disorder associated with an enterovesical fistula: report of one case

Enterovesical fistula (EVF) is a fistulous communication between the intestine and the bladder. It is uncommon and its classic clinical manifestations are the presence of pneumaturia, fecaluria, suprapubic pain and recurrent urinary infections. Surgical repair of EVF leads to rapid correction of both diarrhea and metabolic abnormalities. We report a 73-year-old diabetic woman with a neurogenic bladder secondary to a spine meningioma. She presented with diarrhea, vomiting, impaired consciousness and metabolic acidosis. She developed hypernatremia, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, and hypophosphatemia, which were successfully corrected.

Fístula aorto-duodenal primaria: caso clínico / Primary aorto-duodenal fistula: clinical case

Resumen Introducción Las fístulas aorto-entéricas (FAE) son una causa infrecuente de hemorragia digestiva. El pronóstico, generalmente ominoso, depende de una alta sospecha clínica y diagnóstico oportuno. Caso clínico Reportamos el caso de una mujer de 66 años intervenida por un aneurisma sacular aórtico abdominal (AAA) yuxtarrenal, con rotura contenida, fistulizado al duodeno. Presentó una hemorragia digestiva en el preoperatorio; sin embargo, el diagnóstico de la fístula se hizo en el intraoperatorio. La paciente fue sometida a reparación quirúrgica urgente con instalación de una prótesis aórtica bifemoral y resección duodenal. En el postoperatorio inmediato presentó una trombosis parcial de las ramas de la prótesis aórtica e isquemia de extremidades, siendo reintervenida exitosamente. Discusión La FAE es una causa potencialmente fatal de hemorragia digestiva. El diagnóstico continúa siendo un desafío debido a su presentación inespecífica y siempre debiese ser considerado frente a una hemorragia digestiva sin causa aparente. Existen varias opciones para el enfrentamiento quirúrgico que deben ser analizadas caso a caso, sin retrasar la reparación de la fístula. Es preferible la resección duodenal ante la simple duodenorrafia.

Introduction Aorto-enteric fistulae (AEF) are a rare cause of gastrointestinal bleeding. The prognosis tends to be ominous, depending greatly in a high level of clinical suspicion and prompt diagnosis. Clinical case We report a case of a 66-year-old female with a saccular juxta-renal abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), with a contained rupture. The patient was urgently submitted to surgical repair using an bifemoral aortic prosthesis. A duodenal partial resection was performed. During the immediate postoperative time she presented partial thrombosis of prosthesis and ischemia of lower extremities so she was reoperated successfully. Discussion AEF is a potentially fatal cause of gastrointestinal bleeding. Diagnosis is still troublesome due to its vague presentation and it should always be considered when facing gastrointestinal haemorrhage with no apparent cause. There are several surgical approaches that should be pondered case to case without delaying the repair of the defect.

Fístulas colónicas de origen diverticular / Colonic fistulas of diverticular origin

INTRODUCCIÓN: La enfermedad diverticular de colon sigmoides representa la principal causa de fistulización del colon a órganos vecinos. OBJETIVO: Describir variables clínicas y terapia quirúrgica de esta entidad. MATERIALES Y MÉTODO: Revisión retrospectiva de los casos de fístulas colónicas de origen diverticular (FCD) operados en forma electiva en un centro terciario. RESULTADOS: En un periodo de 30 años se realizó cirugía resectiva por una FCD en 49 pacientes. Los órganos más afectados fueron la vejiga en 33 casos (68%) y la vagina en 6 (12%). La cirugía efectuada fue la sigmoidectomía en 48 casos (5 con una ileostomía de protección) y una operación de Hartmann. La vía de abordaje fue laparoscópica en 4 pacientes y la morbilidad global de la serie fue 20%, sin mortalidad. Con un seguimiento promedio de 87 meses (extremos 16-178) no hubo casos de recidiva de la fístula. CONCLUSIONES: La FCD representa el 26% de los casos intervenidos por una enfermedad diverticular de colon sigmoides, lo que probablemente refleja un diagnóstico tardío. La fístula colovesical (FCV) es la fístula más común por esta causa y en la mitad de los casos tienen una presentación silenciosa. Las fístulas colovaginales ocurren en mujeres histerectomizadas. La cirugía resectiva del colon en pacientes con riesgo normal es la cirugía estándar con buenos resultados a corto y largo plazo. La cirugía laparoscópica es factible y segura especialmente en los casos de FCV.

BACKGROUND: Fistula formation is a well-known complication of diverticular disease (FCD). AIM: Determine the clinical presentation and surgical management of this kind of fistulas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective revision of all consecutive scheduled cases operated on in a terciary public centre in a thirty-years period. RESULTS: Forty-nine patients with a segmental resection of sigmoid colon were analized. Colovesical fistulas were the most common type (n = 33), followed by colovaginal (n = 6). Resection with anastomosis was performed in 48 cases and Hartmann type operation in one. Laparoscopic procedure was made in 4 cases without conversion. Complication rate was 20% and two patients were reoperated on, without mortality in this series. Follow up showed no case of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: FDC represent 26% of cases operated on in our series. Colovesical fistula is the most common type, followed by colovaginal fistula in histerectomized women. Resection and primary anastomosis should be the treatment of choice in average risk patients with acceptable morbidity and good long-term results. Laparoscopic approach is safe, specifically in patients with colovesical fistulas.

Enterocutaneous fistula coexisting with enterovesical fistula: a rare complication of ovarian cystectomy

Enterocutaneous fistula is an abnormal communication between the intestine and the skin, while enterovesical fistula is an abnormal communication between the intestine and the bladder. Both are not usual complications of ovarian cystectomy. We present a patient with enterovesical fistula coexisting with enterocutaneous fistula following ovarian cystectomy. She is a 24-year-old lady with background immunosupression who presented to the National Obstetric Fistula Centre, Abakaliki South-East Nigeria with a history fecaluria, pneumaturia and passage of feculent fluid through the skin following ovarian cystectomy. Fistulogram was in keeping with rectovesical fistula. She was repaired in a single stage and made an uneventful recovery. Enterovesical fistula and enterocutaneus fistula are uncommon but possible complications of ovarian cystectomy

Specificities of presentation of Crohn's disease in childhood / Especificidades da apresentação da doença de Crohn na infância

ABSTRACT The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease in the pediatric population has increased in the last years. The most common form of inflammatory bowel disease is Crohn's disease and, according to its form and age of presentation, it is possible to predict the evolution of the disease.

RESUMO A incidência de doença inflamatória intestinal aumentou na população pediátrica nos últimos anos. A forma mais comum de doença inflamatória intestinal é a doença de Crohn e, conforme sua forma e a idade de apresentação é possível prever a evolução da doença.

Íleo biliar: reporte de un caso de fístula colecistoduodenal asociada a hernia inguinal izquierda / Gallstone ileus: a case report of cholecystoduodenal fistula associated with leftinguinal hernia

Biliary ileus, first described byThomas Bartholin in the year1654, is a rare cause of mechanical ileus (small bowel obstruction) (1-3% in patients younger than 65 years), increasing significantly from that age (25%). The necessarycondition forthis pathologyis the presence ofa fistula between the gallbladderandthe gastrointestinaltract. Simple abdominal X-ray and ultrasonography are widely available and of relatively low cost, together presenting a sensitivity of 74% when they show the classic signs of Rigler’s triad (pneumobilia, ectopic gallstone and dilated loops of small intestine), but computed tomography of the abdomen is considered the gold standard, with a sensitivity and specificity higher than 90%. The aim of this article is to present a case of radiological diagnosis of biliary ileus in a patient with vesicular lithiasis + cholecystoduodenal fistula, associated with inguinal hernia on the left.

El íleo biliar, descrito por primera vez por Thomas Bartholin en el año 1654, constituye una causa poco frecuente de íleo mecánico (1-3% en menores de 65 años) aumentando significativamente a partir de esa edad (25%). La condición necesaria para esta patología es la presencia de una fístula entre la vesícula biliar y el tracto gastrointestinal. La radiografía simple de abdomen y la ecografía son de amplia disponibilidad y coste relativamente bajo, presentando en conjunto una sensibilidad del 74% cuando manifiestan los signos clásicos de la tríada de Rigler (neumobilia, lito biliar ectópico y dilatación de asas de intestino delgado), pero se considera que la tomografía computada de abdomen es el gold standard, con una sensibilidad y especificidad superiores al 90%. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar un caso de diagnóstico radiológico de íleo biliar en un paciente con litiasis vesicular + fístula colecistoduodenal asociadas a hernia inguinal izquierda.

Fístula interna ileoileal congénita que debuta como un cuadro obstructivo en el adulto / Intestinal obstruction caused by a congenital ileo-ileal internal fistula

Background: Among congenital malformations of the digestive tract, internal congenital fistulas tend to be associated with multiple malformations. Case report: We report a previously healthy 32 years old male consulting for abdominal pain and vomiting lasting 48 hours. A plain abdominal film show small bowel dilatation and air-fluid levels. The patient was operated with the diagnosis of bowel obstruction. During the operation dilated bowel loops trapped in a congenital ileo-ileal fistula were found. No biopsies were obtained. The patient had an uneventful postoperative evolution.

Introducción: Las malformaciones congénitas del aparato digestivo pueden ser muy variadas. En caso de presentar síntomas, suelen aparecer en las primeras etapas de la vida con un amplio abanico de manifestaciones clínicas dependiendo del segmento al que afecte y de la complejidad de las malformaciones. Sin embargo, hay muy pocas fístulas internas congénitas recogidas en la literatura médica y la mayoría suelen estar relacionadas con malformaciones múltiples. Caso clínico: Presentamos un situación muy poco frecuente. Se trata de un caso de fístula interna congénita que debutó con un cuadro obstructivo agudo como único síntoma en un adulto.

Características e diagnóstico diferencial das doenças inflamatórias intestinais / Characteristics and differential diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases

As doenças inflamatórias intestinais (DIIs) compreendem, principalmente, a doença de Crohn (DC) e a retocolite ulcerativa (RU), ambas idiopáticas, porém relacionadas a uma resposta imunológica anormal à microbiota bacteriana da luz intestinal. Na RU a inflamação é difusa, restrita à mucosa e inespecífica, com comprometimento contínuo da parede, principalmente do reto, enquanto na DC as lesões são descontínuas, podem comprometer todas as camadas da parede e afetar qualquer parte do trato gastrointestinal. O quadro clínico é comum e compreende diarreia, febre e dores abdominais, podendo cursar também com manifestações extraintestinais. O diagnóstico é feito através dos dados clínicos, achados radiológicos e histológicos, sem haver, no entanto, nenhuma característica que isoladamente feche o diagnóstico de DII específica.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) comprise mainly Crohn?s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), both are idiopathic but believed to be related to an abnormal immune response to bacterial microbiota in the intestinal lumen. In RU diffuse inflammation is restricted to the mucosa and is nonspecific, with continued commitment that stars at rectum?s wall. In DC, the injuries are discontinuous, involve all layers of the intestinal wall and can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. The clinical picture of both is diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, and may present with extraintestinal manifestations. The diagnosis is made by the junction of clinical, radiological and histological findings, without having, however, a feature alone that leads to a diagnosis of a specific IBD.

Pyeloduodenal Fistula Successfully Treated By Endoscopic Ligation without Surgical Nephrectomy: Case Report

A 74-yr-old woman presented with fever and abdominal discomfort. She was in a septic condition caused by urinary tract infection. Her computed tomogram of the abdomen revealed features of hydronephrosis with ureteral stones in both kidneys. During percutaneous nephrostomies, right pyeloduodenal fistula (PDF) was diagnosed. Elective surgery was originally planned but the patient was in a poor condition to undergo surgery. Instead, 2 times endoscopic clipping and ligation by endoloop were applied with parenteral antibiotics for the fistula lesion. On admission day 30, she was discharged from the hospital after confirmation of no more contrast leakage on fistulography. We reviewed the literature and discuss the etiologies, clinical presentations, diagnosis, and treatment of PDF.

Infecção do trato urinário de repetição por fístula enterovesical secundária a doença diverticular do cólon: um relato de caso / Recurrent urinary tract infection due to enterovesical fistula secondary to colon diverticular disease: a case report

INTRODUÇÃO: As fístulas enterovesicais (FEV) são comunicações patológicas entre a bexiga e as alças intestinais pélvicas. Trata-se de uma rara complicação decorrente de doenças inflamatórias e neoplásicas da pelve, além de casos resultantes de iatrogenia, e associa-se a altos índices de morbimortalidade. RELATO DO CASO: Trata-se de um paciente de 61 anos com um quadro de dor e distensão abdominal, vômitos, parada de eliminação de fezes e flatos. APP: Hipertenso, diabético, com antecedentes de disfunção vesical e infecções do trato urinário de repetição (ITUr) nos últimos três anos. Por meio da realização de ressonância magnética de abdômen e pelve, diagnosticou-se FEV associada à doença diverticular (DDC) do sigmoide. A conduta estabelecida consistiu em colectomia parcial com rebaixamento de colo e cistectomia parcial com colocação cirúrgica de cateter duplo jota à esquerda. DISCUSSÃO: Embora consista de afecção primária do trato digestivo, normalmente o paciente com DDC associada a FEV procura atendimento médico em decorrência de queixas do trato urinário. Nesse caso, a demora no diagnóstico fez com que a queixa principal fosse do trato digestivo e com antecedentes de queixas urinárias. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar de pouco frequente, a ocorrência de ITUr associada à DDC deve ser sempre considerada no diagnóstico diferencial das ITUr pela alta morbimortalidade.

INTRODUCTION: Enterovesical fistula are pathological connections between the bladder and pelvic intestinal segments. It consists of a rare complication of neoplastic and inflammatory pelvic disorders, in addition to iatrogenic or traumatic injuries, and correlates with both high morbidity and mortality indexes. CASE REPORT: Male patient, 61 years old, admitted at the hospital clinics featuring abdominal pain and distension, vomiting and fecal retention. Patient's pathological precedents include high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, vesical dysfunction and recurrent urinary tract infection on the past three years. Magnetic resonance imaging of abdomen and pelvis revealed enterovesical fistula in association with colon diverticular disease of the sigmoid. Management of choice consisted of partial colectomy with bowel lowering and partial cystectomy with surgical double-J stent insertion. DISCUSSION: Although consisting of a gastrointestinal primary affection, patients with enterovesical fistula usually search for medical help charging urinary tract features. In this particular case, our patient was admitted with gastrointestinal symptoms, reasoned by diagnostic delay, as the patient had already attended at multiple centers with urinary symptoms. CONCLUSION: Despite being an unusual affection, recurrent urinary tract infection associated with colon diverticular disease must always be considered at differential diagnosis of recurrent urinary tract infection as it concurs with high morbidity and mortality.

Lower gastrointestinal bleeding as a result of fistula between the iliac artery and sigmoid colon in patient with advanced testicular cancer

Fistula between arteries and the gastrointestinal tract are a rare cause of gastrointestinal bleeding, but potentially fatal. The recognition and early treatment can modify the patient prognosis. We report a case of a patient with previous surgery for seminoma of cryptorchidic testicle, with massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding. We performed the diagnosis and surgical treatment of the fistula between left external iliac artery and sigmoid colon. The patient was successfully treated by external iliac artery ligation and left colectomy.

A Case of Cholecysto-gastro-colonic Fistula with Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding / 대한소화기학회지

Biliary enteric fistula is an abnormal pathway often caused by biliary disease. It is difficult to diagnose the disease because patients have nonspecific symptoms. A 67-year-old woman presented with hematemesis and melena. She was diagnosed with Dieulafoy lesion on the gastric antrum and underwent endoscopic hemostasis using hemoclips. Follow-up upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed an abnormal opening on a previous treated site that was suggestive of biliary enteric fistula. Abdomen simple X-ray and abdominal dynamic CT scan showed pneumobilia and cholecysto-gastric fistula. The patient had cholecystectomy and wedge resection of the gastric antrum, followed by right extended hemicolectomy because of severe adhesive lesion between the gallbladder and colon. She was diagnosed with cholecysto-gastro-colic fistula postoperatively. We report on this case and give a brief review of the literatures.

Colobronchial fistula: A rare cause of chronic cough.

We report a colobronchial fistula in a middle-aged woman. She had been having cough with expectoration of sputum with a faeculent odour since the age of 7 years. Imaging revealed a fistulous connection between the hepatic flexure and the right bronchial tree, which was successfully repaired surgically.

Fistula enterocutanea de dificil manejo / Difficult to treat enterocutaneous fistula

Introducción. Las fistulas entero cutáneas todavía son uno de los problemas quirúrgicos más difíciles de manejar. Los pacientes frecuentemente cursan con malnutrición, infección de la pared abdominal y sepsis. Las fistulas son consecuencia de diversos factores pero por lo general se manifiestan en el posoperatorio de procedimientos para el tratamiento del intestino o cáncer, a pesar de una estrategia de manejo muy especifica desarrollada en el curso de los últimos 25 años, la tasa de mortalidad sigue siendo elevada. Presentación de caso. Se trata de un paciente con antecedente de cirugía abdominal 20 años antes, quien fue operado de emergencia por obstrucción intestinal secundaria a bridas y/o adherencias. Se efectuó un manejo médico amplio e integral, pues presentó fístulas recurrentes durante el período posoperatorio inmediato. La evolución final fue hacia la mejoría sin más recurrencias. Conclusión. El presente caso muestra que el tratamiento exitoso incluye reconocimiento temprano, reanimación, tratamiento de la sepsis, estudio y localización de la fistula, cuidados de la piel, soporte nutricional, manejo en equipo y estimar el tiempo de operación apropiado...

Fístulas intestinales en el Servicio de Cirugía del Hospital del Salvador: casuística / Intestinal fistulas: a case review to surgery of Salvador Hospital, Santiago Chile

A study of patients with intestinal fístulas treated at the surgical clinic of the Hospital Salvador, Santiago de Chile, from January 2007 until June 2009. The sizes of the study were 26 patients in whom diagnosis was clinical and / or images and / or surgical condition. The average age at presentation was 54.8 years, of similar frequency in men and women (54 percent and 46 percent respectively). Postoperative fístulas occurred in 80 percent and 20 percent spontaneous. Postoperative fístulas were found in an early stage in 57 percent of cases (before 72 h postoperative). Predominance of high-flow fístulas (73 percent) and location in the small intestine 58 percent to 42 percent in colon. Surgical closure was performed in 52 percent of patients, spontaneous closure by 32 percent and 16 percent non-locking. 61.5 percent of patients experienced complications being the most frequent infectious cause. 54 percent of cases required nutritional support with total parenteral nutrition. In our study mortality was 15.3 percent.

A Case of Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding Caused by Primary Iliac Arterio-colic Fistula / 대한소화기학회지

Arterio-enteric fistula is a very rare cause of massive lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage. We report here on a case of massive hematochezia caused by iliac arterio-colic fistula in a 60-year-old woman who had a recent history of spinal surgery for herniated nucleus pulposus. Abdomen computed tomography showed the extravasation of radiocontrast media from right iliac artery encased by an intraabdominal abscess into the adjacent dilatated colon. Also, diagnostic angiography revealed the active extravasation of radiocontrast media via a fistula between right iliac artery and colon. Although successful endovascular exclusion of the fistula with stent graft and coils was performed, disseminated intravascular coagulation and multi-organ failure were developed.